Reference
Dosing reference and evidence tiers
Published ranges, each shown with the strength of the evidence behind it and the work it comes from. Most compounds here have no human dosing study — where that is the case, this page says so rather than printing a number anyway.
For research use only. Nothing here is a recommendation, and a range being listed is not evidence that it is safe or appropriate for any use.
5-Amino-1MQ
Extrapolated from animal studies. No human dosing study exists for this compound, so this range is an inference, not a finding. Defaulted to the weakest tier the citations clearly support. Human data may exist that this has not been checked against, so it may understate the evidence — it will not overstate it.
| Phase | Daily dose | Units on U-100 syringe | Volume |
|---|---|---|---|
| Days 1–2 (tolerance) | 2.5 mg once daily | 15 units | 0.15 mL |
| Days 3+ (standard) | 5 mg once daily | 30 units | 0.30 mL |
| Split option (BID) | 2.5 mg twice daily | 15 units each | 0.15 mL each |
Sources
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.
- Development & validation of LC-MS/MS assay for 5-amino-1-methyl quinolinium in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability stu
- Small molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor activates muscle stem cells and progenitor cell function.
- Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase: More Than a Vitamin B3 Clearance Enzyme.
AOD-9604
No study establishes this range. It reflects reported practice and should be treated as the weakest possible basis for any figure. Checked, not upgraded: the safety and metabolic citations are ambiguous as to whether dosing was established in humans, and an ambiguous citation is not a basis for a stronger claim.
| Daily research amount | 5 mg + 1 mL BAC water | 5 mg + 2 mL BAC water | 5 mg + 3 mL BAC water |
|---|---|---|---|
| 300 mcg | 6 units | 12 units | 18 units |
| 500 mcg | 10 units | 20 units | 30 units |
Sources
- Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.
- Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.
- Interlaboratory agreement of insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations measured by mass spectrometry (with discussion of AOD-9604 doping detection).
- Safety evaluation of AOD9604, a synthetic peptide for use in obesity.
ARA-290
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Dosing here comes from named human pilot trials in sarcoidosis and diabetic neuropathy.
| Study context | Dose & route | Schedule |
|---|---|---|
| Sarcoidosis pilot (2012) | 2 mg IV | 3x/week, 4 weeks |
| Sarcoidosis SFN (2013) | Daily subQ | 28 days |
| Type 2 diabetes neuropathy (2014) | 4 mg subQ | Daily, 28 days |
| Phase 2b sarcoidosis (2017) | 1, 4, or 8 mg subQ | Daily, 28 days |
| Diabetic macular edema (2020) | 4 mg subQ | Daily, 12 weeks |
BPC-157
Supplied as 5 / 10 mgExtrapolated from animal studies. No human dosing study exists for this compound, so this range is an inference, not a finding. Defaulted to the weakest tier the citations clearly support. Human data may exist that this has not been checked against, so it may understate the evidence — it will not overstate it.
| Planning band | Per-dose range | Frequency | Typical context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low | ~250 mcg | Once daily | Maintenance / general research planning |
| Standard | ~250 mcg | Twice daily | Most published preclinical protocols and community references |
| High | ~500 mcg | Twice daily | Short-term acute-injury research planning |
Half-life 30 minutes — Under 30 minutes after IM or IV administration in rodent and dog models. No human pharmacokinetic study has been published.
Sources
- The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.
- Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation.
- Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the Src-Cav-1-eNOS signaling pathway in rats.
- Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157 in rats and dogs.
- Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract.
DSIP
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: three human sleep studies are cited, including "The influence of synthetic DSIP on disturbed human sleep" and a trial in chronic insomniacs.
| Vial | BAC water | Concentration | 100 mcg draw |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mg | 2.0 mL | 5.0 mg/mL (5,000 mcg/mL) | 0.02 mL = 2 units |
Sources
- Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review.
- The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep.
- Effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on 24-hour sleep-wake behaviour in severe chronic insomnia.
- Study of delta sleep-inducing peptide efficacy in improving sleep on short-term administration to chronic insomniacs.
FOXO4-DRI
Extrapolated from animal studies. No human dosing study exists for this compound, so this range is an inference, not a finding. Defaulted to the weakest tier the citations clearly support. Human data may exist that this has not been checked against, so it may understate the evidence — it will not overstate it.
| Week | Daily Dose |
|---|---|
| Weeks 1-4 | 250 mcg |
| Weeks 5-8 | 375 mcg |
| Weeks 9-12 | 500 mcg |
| Weeks 13-16 | 500 mcg |
Sources
- Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells restores tissue homeostasis in response to chemotoxicity and aging.
- The disordered p53 transactivation domain is the target of FOXO4 and the senolytic compound FOXO4-DRI.
- Senolytic Peptide FOXO4-DRI Selectively Removes Senescent Cells From in vitro Expanded Human Chondrocytes.
- FOXO4-DRI regulates endothelial cell senescence via the p53 signaling pathway.
- ClinicalTrials.gov registry — FOXO4-DRI search (no registered human trials as of June 2026).
GHK-Cu
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: the Leyden 2002 photoaging trial is a human study. Note the human evidence is topical cosmetic use; the remaining citations are preclinical wound healing in rats, mice and rabbits.
| Approach | Daily dose | Schedule | Cycle length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative start | 1.0 mg | 5 days on / 2 off | 4 weeks |
| Standard | 1.0-1.5 mg | Daily | 4-6 weeks |
| Higher end | 1.5-2.0 mg | Daily | 6-8 weeks |
GHRP-6
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: "Endocrine activities of ghrelin in humans: comparison with GHRP-6 and GHRP-2" measures GH, ACTH, cortisol and prolactin response in humans.
| Week / Phase | Dose per Injection (mcg) | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Weeks 1-2 | 100 mcg | 3x daily, at least 4 hours apart |
| Weeks 3-4 | 200 mcg | 3x daily, at least 4 hours apart |
| Weeks 5-12 | 300 mcg | 3x daily, at least 4 hours apart |
Sources
- On the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new synthetic hexapeptide that acts on the pituitary to specifically release growth hormone.
- A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release.
- Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.
- Endocrine activities of ghrelin in humans: comparison with GHRP-6 and GHRP-2 (GH, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin).
- Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide-6 requires endogenous hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone for maximal GH stimulation.
Glutathione
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: multiple human RCTs are cited, including a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled whitening study. Note the human evidence is oral and lozenge administration, not injection.
No dosing schedule is published for this compound in the source used here.
Sources
- Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione.
- Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
- An open-label, single-arm trial of a glutathione lozenge as a skin-lightening agent in Filipino women.
- Glutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects.
- Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study.
Humanin
Extrapolated from animal studies. No human dosing study exists for this compound, so this range is an inference, not a finding. Defaulted to the weakest tier the citations clearly support. Human data may exist that this has not been checked against, so it may understate the evidence — it will not overstate it.
| Setting | Compound | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthspan study (mice) | HNG | 4 mg/kg | IP |
| Cardiac fibrosis study (mice) | HNG | 4 mg/kg | IP |
| Metabolomic study (DIO mice) | HNG | 2.5 mg/kg/injection | IP |
| Research-use planning (community) | Humanin or HNG | Subcutaneous milligram-range per session described in community discussion | SC |
Sources
- Metabolomic profile of diet-induced obesity mice in response to humanin and small humanin-like peptide 2 treatment.
- Cortical Bone Stem Cell Therapy Preserves Cardiac Structure and Function After Myocardial Infarction (HNG cardioprotection in porcine model context).
- The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin Protects RPE Cells From Oxidative Stress, Senescence, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
- Humanin G protects retinal pigment epithelial cybrids from inflammation in age-related macular degeneration models.
IGF-1 LR3
No study establishes this range. It reflects reported practice and should be treated as the weakest possible basis for any figure. Checked, not upgraded: the one human trial cited is a placebo-controlled study of native IGF-I in ALS, not of the LR3 analogue this schedule describes.
| Phase | Daily dose | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment | 20 mcg/day | Once daily | Used to gauge tolerance and hypoglycemic response. |
| Low range | 20-40 mcg/day | Once daily | Most-cited beginner range. Women in community sources often stay 10-20 mcg/day. |
| Moderate range | 40-80 mcg/day | Once daily | Diminishing returns commonly reported above ~50-60 mcg/day. |
| High range | 80-100 mcg/day | Once daily | Reported by advanced users; side-effect frequency rises. |
Sources
- Superior potency of infused IGF-I analogues which bind poorly to IGF-binding proteins is maintained when administered by injection.
- IGF-binding proteins are multifunctional and act via IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
- The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer.
- Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia.
- A placebo-controlled trial of insulin-like growth factor-I in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Ipamorelin
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin in human volunteers" plus a randomized controlled trial for postoperative ileus (NCT01280344).
| Phase | Timing | Daily Dose | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment | Week 1 | 100 mcg/day | 1x at bedtime, fasted |
| Titration | Weeks 2-3 | 200 mcg/day | 1x bedtime, or split 100 mcg AM + 100 mcg PM |
| Standard | Weeks 4-8 | 200-300 mcg/day | 1-2x daily (AM fasted + bedtime is common) |
| Extended | Weeks 9-12 | 200-300 mcg/day | Continue if tolerated. Some protocols run to week 16. |
| Off-cycle | 4 weeks | 0 mcg | Resting period before starting a new cycle. |
Sources
- Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue.
- Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers.
- Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resec
- Pharmacological characterisation of a new oral GH secretagogue, NN703.
- Safety and Efficacy of Ipamorelin Compared to Placebo for the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function (NCT01280344).
Kisspeptin
No study establishes this range. It reflects reported practice and should be treated as the weakest possible basis for any figure. Checked, not upgraded: both citations are mechanistic reviews of hypothalamic signalling. Neither establishes a dose in any species.
| Trial Context | Dose Studied | Route | Source/Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVF oocyte maturation trigger (high OHSS risk) | 3.2-12.8 nmol/kg single bolus | Subcutaneous | Phase 2 trial in 60 women, Hammersmith Hospital, 2013-2014 |
| IVF oocyte maturation trigger (proof-of-concept) | 1.6-12.8 nmol/kg single bolus | Subcutaneous | 53-women trial; LH peaked at ~5 hours and returned to pre-trigger by 12-14 hours |
| Hypothalamic amenorrhea (chronic SC, twice weekly) | 6.4 nmol/kg | Subcutaneous, twice weekly | Reduced response over time consistent with desensitization |
| HSDD modulation (women, men) | 1 nmol/kg/h IV infusion | Intravenous, 75-minute infusion | Imperial College / Hammersmith trials, 2021-2023 |
KPV
No study establishes this range. It reflects reported practice and should be treated as the weakest possible basis for any figure. Defaulted to the weakest tier the citations clearly support. Human data may exist that this has not been checked against, so it may understate the evidence — it will not overstate it.
| Research calculation | 5 mg vial + 1 mL | 10 mg vial + 2 mL | U-100 syringe units |
|---|---|---|---|
| 200 mcg | 0.04 mL | 0.04 mL | 4 units |
| 300 mcg | 0.06 mL | 0.06 mL | 6 units |
| 400 mcg | 0.08 mL | 0.08 mL | 8 units |
| 500 mcg | 0.10 mL | 0.10 mL | 10 units |
Sources
- PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.
- The neuropeptide alpha-MSH and inflammation: peripheral and central anti-inflammatory effects.
- Targeting melanocortin receptors as potential novel therapeutics.
- Evidence for autocrine modulation of macrophage nitric oxide synthase by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
- Alpha-MSH modulates experimental inflammatory bowel disease.
LL-37
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: "Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers", a randomized placebo-controlled trial. The human evidence is topical wound application.
| Dose | Volume | U-100 units |
|---|---|---|
| 100 mcg | 0.04 mL | 4 units |
| 200 mcg | 0.08 mL | 8 units |
| 250 mcg | 0.10 mL | 10 units |
| 500 mcg | 0.20 mL | 20 units |
Sources
- Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
- Unique features of human cathelicidin LL-37.
- LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases.
- The Antimicrobial Peptide Cathelicidin Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects via Scavenger Receptors.
- Evaluation of the effects of peptide antibiotics human beta-defensins and LL-37 on histamine release and prostaglandin D2 production from mast cells.
Melanotan II
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: a pilot phase-I clinical study plus several human studies on erectile response and UV tanning in volunteers.
| Stage | Days | Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment | Days 1-3 | 100-250 mcg daily | Used to check how well nausea and flushing are tolerated. |
| Low loading | Days 4-14 | 250-500 mcg daily | Step up only if side effects stay manageable. |
| Standard loading | Weeks 3-6 | 500-1000 mcg daily | Continued until target pigment is reached. Brief UV exposure is often coordinated. |
Sources
- Evaluation of Melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study.
- Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction.
- Effect of an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog on penile erection and sexual desire in men with organic erectile dysfunction.
- Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II.
- Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers.
MOTS-c
Extrapolated from animal studies. No human dosing study exists for this compound, so this range is an inference, not a finding. Defaulted to the weakest tier the citations clearly support. Human data may exist that this has not been checked against, so it may understate the evidence — it will not overstate it.
| Tier | Dose | Frequency | Cycle length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower-end starting tier | 5 mg | 2x per week | 4 weeks |
| Standard tier | 5 mg | 3x per week | 4-6 weeks |
| Higher tier | 10 mg | 2-3x per week | 6-8 weeks |
Pinealon
Extrapolated from animal studies. No human dosing study exists for this compound, so this range is an inference, not a finding. Checked, not upgraded: one citation reports synthetic peptides in patients but does not isolate this compound, and the remainder are rat studies.
| Days | Daily dose | Units on U-100 syringe | Volume |
|---|---|---|---|
| Days 1–5 | 1.0 mg | 15 units | 0.15 mL |
| Days 6–14 | 1.5 mg | 22.5 units | 0.225 mL |
| Days 15–20 | 2.0 mg | 30 units | 0.30 mL |
Sources
- Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.
- Short Peptides and Telomere Length Regulator Hormone Irisin.
- Peptide KED: Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Neurogenesis Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease.
- Effect of synthetic peptides on aging of patients with chronic polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome of the central nervous system in remission.
Retatrutide
Supplied as 5 / 10 mgFrom human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Phase II results are published; investigational, with no approved label.
| Weeks | Weekly dose | Trial-design note |
|---|---|---|
| 1-4 | 2 mg | Starting dose used across the initial TRIUMPH Phase 3 program. |
| 5-8 | 4 mg | First escalation step. Also a target dose in TRIUMPH-1 and TRIUMPH-2. |
| 9-12 | 6 mg | Intermediate escalation step before the 9 mg or 12 mg target. |
| 13-16 | 9 mg | Target dose in the initial TRIUMPH program; also a step toward 12 mg. |
| 17+ | 12 mg | Highest target dose in the initial TRIUMPH program. |
Sources
- Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, p
- LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.
- TRANSCEND-T2D-1: A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Adult Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (NCT06354660).
- TRIUMPH-4: A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis (NCT05929066).
Selank
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: human clinical studies in generalized anxiety disorder, including a comparison against phenazepam in patients.
| Phase | Duration | Daily Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Weeks 1-2 | 250-300 mcg | Once daily. Baseline tolerance check. |
| Maintenance | Weeks 3-4 | 400-500 mcg | Step up only if the lower dose felt safe and stable. |
| Cycle off | Weeks 5-8 | 0 mcg | Four-week rest used in community protocols. |
| Repeat | Weeks 9-12 | 300-500 mcg | Resume at the dose that worked best. |
Sources
- Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic selank in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia.
- A comparison of the anxiolytic effect and tolerability of selank and phenazepam in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
- Optimization of the treatment of anxiety disorders with selank.
- Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders.
- GABA, Selank, and Olanzapine Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission in IMR-32 Cells.
Semaglutide
Supplied as 2 / 5 / 10 mgTaken from an approved label or the trial it was based on. Approved as Ozempic and Wegovy; the escalation ladder is on the label.
| Phase | Weeks | Weekly dose | What to expect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 - Initiation | Weeks 1-4 | 0.25 mg | Starting dose for tolerability only. Not a therapeutic dose. Minimal metabolic effect expected. |
| Phase 2 - Early escalation | Weeks 5-8 | 0.5 mg | First meaningful dose. Stomach side effects (nausea) most likely to show up here. |
| Phase 3 - Mid escalation | Weeks 9-12 | 1.0 mg | Therapeutic range for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic). Appetite suppression often becomes noticeable. |
| Phase 4 - High escalation | Weeks 13-16 | 1.7 mg | Approaching the weight-management dose. Weight loss often clearly underway. |
| Phase 5 - Maintenance | Week 17+ | 2.4 mg | FDA-approved maintenance dose for weight management (Wegovy). 14.9% mean weight loss at 68 weeks in STEP 1. |
Half-life 168 hours — Approximately one week, which is why the approved schedule is weekly.
Semax
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: "Effectiveness of Semax in the acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke", a clinical and electrophysiological study in patients.
| Vial size | BAC water added | Final concentration | Example draw (0.5 mg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 mg | 2.0 mL | 10.0 mg/mL | 0.05 mL = 5 units on U-100 |
| 20 mg | 4.0 mL | 5.0 mg/mL | 0.10 mL = 10 units on U-100 |
| 20 mg | 5.0 mL | 4.0 mg/mL | 0.125 mL = 12.5 units on U-100 |
Sources
- Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus.
- Semax, an ACTH(4-10) analogue with nootropic properties, activates dopaminergic and serotoninergic brain systems in rodents.
- Drug-induced activation of the nervous control of inflammation: a novel possibility for the treatment of hypoxic damage.
- Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum.
- Effectiveness of Semax in the acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke (a clinical and electrophysiological study).
Sermorelin
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Was approved as Geref and later withdrawn from the US market.
| Phase | Time | Dose nightly | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Weeks 1-2 | 100 mcg | Check for injection-site reactions and any sleep changes. |
| Standard | Weeks 3-4 | 200 mcg | Common starting therapeutic tier in practitioner protocols. |
| Optimization | Weeks 5-8 | 300 mcg | Often paired with IGF-1 and thyroid labs at the 6-week point. |
| Elevated | Week 9+ | 400-500 mcg | Higher end if response at 300 mcg is not enough. Watch IGF-1 trend. |
TB-500
Supplied as 5 / 10 mgFrom human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Verified: "A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers". Note that trial used intravenous thymosin beta-4, not subcutaneous TB-500.
| Phase | Per-dose amount | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front-loading | ~2-2.5 mg | Every 2-3 days | Weeks 1-2 |
| Taper | ~2-2.5 mg | Once weekly | Weeks 3-8 |
Sources
- A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers.
- The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers.
- Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing.
- Thymosin beta4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.
- Thymosin beta4 enhances the healing of medial collateral ligament injury in rat.
Tesamorelin
Taken from an approved label or the trial it was based on. Approved as Egrifta for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
| Phase | Timing | Daily Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 onward | Every day | 2 mg | No titration. Inject SubQ in the abdomen. |
| Weeks 1-26 | Daily | 2 mg | Phase III trial exposure pattern. |
| Continued therapy | Daily | 2 mg | Trials showed effects reverse when stopped. |
Sources
- Effects of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in HIV-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: pooled analysis of two
- Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial.
- LiverTox: Tesamorelin.
- Tesamorelin Effects on Liver Fat and Histology in HIV (NCT02196831).
- Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors.
Thymosin Alpha-1
From human studies that are small, early-phase, or for a different indication than the one this range is usually cited for. Approved outside the US as Zadaxin; human trial data exists.
| Body weight | Approximate dose |
|---|---|
| 30 kg | 1.2 mg twice weekly |
| 35 kg | 1.4 mg twice weekly |
| ≥40 kg | 1.6 mg twice weekly (standard adult) |
Sources
- Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature.
- Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application.
- Comprehensive Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 in Human Clinical Trials.
- Pharmacokinetics of thymosin alpha 1 after subcutaneous injection of three different formulations in healthy volunteers.
- Thymosin alpha 1 alleviates inflammation and prevents infection in patients with severe acute pancreatitis through immune regulation: a systematic rev
Tirzepatide
Supplied as 5 / 10 / 15 mgTaken from an approved label or the trial it was based on. Approved as Mounjaro and Zepbound; the escalation ladder is on the label.
| Phase | Weeks | Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 — Initiation | Weeks 1–4 | 2.5 mg once weekly | Tolerability dose. Not a therapeutic dose for weight loss or HbA1c. |
| Phase 2 — Early maintenance | Weeks 5–8 | 5 mg once weekly | First true maintenance dose. Most users feel reduced appetite here. |
| Phase 3 — Mid escalation | Weeks 9–12 | 7.5 mg once weekly | Transitional. Hold longer if GI effects flare. |
| Phase 4 — Mid maintenance | Weeks 13–16 | 10 mg once weekly | Second maintenance dose. Strong weight and HbA1c effects. |
| Phase 5 — High escalation | Weeks 17–20 | 12.5 mg once weekly | Transitional. GI effects may briefly return. |
| Phase 6 — Maximum dose | Weeks 21+ | 15 mg once weekly | Maximum FDA-approved dose. ~22.5% weight loss at 72 weeks in SURMOUNT-1. |
Half-life 120 hours — About five days, supporting weekly administration.
Use the reconstitution calculator to convert any of these into a volume and a syringe mark.